Comparative Outcomes of Block and Cancellous Iliac Bone Grafting in Older Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Patients.

Objective: To compare osseous outcomes of block and cancellous iliac bone grafting in older unilateral alveolar cleft patients.
Design: Retrospective and observational follow-up study.
Setting: Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, China.
Patients: Forty-five nonsyndromic patients with unilateral complete alveolar cleft were enrolled in this study (25 patients in block bone graft group and 20 patients in cancellous bone graft group).
Interventions: In cancellous bone graft group, the alveolar cleft was filled with iliac cancellous bone particulate. In group of block bone graft, the harvested bone block was trimmed and fixed in alveolar defect.
Main Outcome Measures: A novel method was proposed to investigate the volume and density of residual bone graft at 1-week, 3- and 6-month, 1- and 2-year postoperatively based on cone beam computed tomography scans.
Results: No difference in bone graft volume was found between 2 groups at 1-week and 3-month postoperatively; however, the residual volume of block bone graft group was significantly larger than that of cancellous bone graft group at 6-month, 1- and 2-year postoperatively. The bone density of block bone graft group was lower at 1-week and 3-month postoperatively but was comparable at 6-month, 1- and 2-year postoperatively. Our method was reliable and accurate to identify the range of residual bone graft when the boundary of grafted bone could not be identified clearly.
Conclusion: Block bone graft could achieve comparable bone density and retain a greater amount of residual bone comparing to cancellous bone graft.