A follow-up study of mental health service utilisation in a cohort of 2433 sexually abused Australian children utilising five years of medical data.

Background and Objectives: There are well established links between child sex abuse (CSA) and a range of mental health adversities in the literature. However, there has been very limited examination of mental health care needs of CSA survivors, indicated by contacts with mental health professionals. Similarly, no existing research has examined rates of prescription of psychopharmacology to CSA survivors. Service utilisation is a vital component of the health landscape, and a clear understanding of the mental health care needs of CSA survivors is central to policy formation regarding mental health funding. Therefore, this study aimed to assess differences in rates of mental health care utilisation and rates of prescription of psychopharmacology during adulthood between individuals with a history of CSA and a comparison sample from the general population without a known abuse history.
Participants, Setting, and Method: The forensic medical records of 2433 CSA victims identified between 1964 and 1995 were linked to Australian medical and medication-use data accessed between 2010 and 2015, when victims were, on average, aged between 28.78 and 33.78 years. CSA cases were compared to a matched comparison cohort on rates of contact with mental health professionals and prescriptions for mood stabilisers, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, stimulants, analgesics and addiction treatment medication.
Results: CSA was associated with increased levels of attendance at psychiatrists (OR = 1.29, p < .001), psychologists and clinical social workers (OR = 6.68, p < .001) and general practitioners (OR = 1.76, p < .001) for mental health care. CSA was also associated with increased frequency of prescription of all categories of psychopharmacology (ORs ranging from 1.40 to 6.18). Outcomes differed by victim gender and age at abuse. Abused females demonstrated greater overall service and medication utilisation than abused males. Females abused after puberty (age 12 years) had more frequent contacts with general practitioners for mental health care and greater frequency of prescription of psychopharmacology than females abused under age 12 years, including elevated frequency of analgesic and mood stabiliser use. Males abused after puberty also demonstrated higher frequency of service utilisation, including inflated rates of antipsychotic and anxiolytic prescriptions and visits to psychiatrists.
Conclusions: Experiencing CSA was associated with increased use of psychopharmacology and contact with health professionals for mental health care. Abused females and participants abused after age 12 demonstrated most inflated use of services. These findings have important implications for policy decisions regarding the provision of mental health care to CSA survivors deemed to be at risk of developing mental health difficulties.
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