Rhodobacter thermarum sp. nov., a novel phototrophic bacterium isolated from sediment of a hot spring.

An ovoid to rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample of a hot spring in Tibet, China. Cells of strain YIM 73036 ^T were Gram-stain negative, non-motile and multiplied by binary fission. Strain YIM 73036 ^T grew optimally at pH 7.0-7.5 at 37-45 °C. Growth occurred in 0.5-3.5% (w/v) NaCl. Vitamins were not required for growth. The presence of photosynthesis genes pufL and pufM were shown and photosynthesis pigments were formed. Bacteriochlorophyll α, the bacteriopheophytin and carotenoids were present as photosynthetic pigments. Internal cytoplasmic membranes were of the lamellar type. The organism YIM 73036 ^T was able to grow chemo-organoheterophically, chemo-lithoautotrophically and photo-organoheterotrophically but photo-lithoautotrophic and fermentative growth were not demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 73036 ^T is closely related to Rhodobacter blasticus ATCC 33485 ^T (96.65% sequence similarity) and clustered with species of the genus Rhodobacter of the family Rhodobacteraceae. Whole-genome sequence analyses based on the average nucleotide BLAST identity (ANI < 82%) indicated that this isolate belongs to a novel species. The genomic DNA G+C content of organism YIM 73036 ^T was determined to be 66.0 mol%. Strain YIM 73036 ^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C _18:1 ω7c, C _18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and C _18:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and unidentified phospholipid. Differential phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain YIM 73036 ^T is distinguishable from other species of the genus Rhodobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain YIM 73036 ^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter thermarum sp. nov. [type strain YIM 73036 ^T (= KCTC 52712 ^T  = CCTCC AB 2016298 ^T )] is proposed.