[Impact of gender in academic career among obstetrics and gynecology's residents: A comparison between Lille and Paris].

Objective: Compare the professional aspiration and obstacles in gynecology and obstetrics residents careers between Lille and Paris.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey, using questionnaires sent by e-mail to residents in obstetrics and gynecology in Lille. An analysis by genre was made, and those results were compared to results obtained in a same study with Parisian residents.
Results: Among the 73 residents in training in Lille, 63 responded (86.3%), of them 53 those were women and 10 were men. No woman answered wanting to start an academic career, however 50% of men did (P=0.001). The global analysis found obstacles to an academic career in defined areas such as: lack of mentors, lack of identification in a same sex role model or women doubting more than men in their abilities to achieve this career. The comparison between the two cities shown a greater gap between women and men in Lille: women in Lille were most reluctant to engage in academic careers and have not the prerequisites (diplomas, mobility or publications) that seem necessary for this type of career.
Conclusions: Women were less expecting to have academic careers in Lille than in Paris. Many barriers have been identified as difficulties for them to follow this career path. It is important to develop strategies to encourage women in gynecology and obstetrics to find their place in research and teaching, since they are most present in this specialty.
(Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)