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Neuroprotective mechanism involved in spinal cord stimulation postconditioning.
- Source :
-
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery [J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg] 2020 Mar; Vol. 159 (3), pp. 813-824.e1. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Mar 29. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Delayed paraplegia developed postoperatively after thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery is primarily associated with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our previous study suggested that spinal cord stimulation postconditioning protected the spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury through microglia inhibition. In this study, we further investigated whether α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of spinal cord stimulation.<br />Methods: Rabbits were randomly assigned to sham, control, 2 Hz, α-bungarotoxin, and 2 Hz-α-bungarotoxin groups (n = 24/group). Transient spinal cord ischemia was performed on all rabbits except rabbits in the sham group. Rabbits in the control group received no further intervention, rabbits in the 2 Hz group were given 2 Hz spinal cord stimulation, rabbits in the α-bungarotoxin group received prescribed intrathecal α-bungarotoxin (α-bungarotoxin, a specific α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) injections, and rabbits in the 2 Hz-α-bungarotoxin group received both α-bungarotoxin injections and 2 Hz spinal cord stimulation. Hind-limb neurologic function was assessed, and spinal cord histologic examination, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and microglia staining were performed at 8 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days of reperfusion.<br />Results: Rabbits in the 2 Hz group had significantly better neurologic functions, more α-motor neurons, and lower terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive neuron rates and microglia area/anterior horn area ratios (microglia area ratios) than the control group. The neurologic functions of the α-bungarotoxin group were significantly worse than those of the control group, whereas other results were not significantly different from the control group. The results of the 2 Hz-α-bungarotoxin group were insignificant to the control group except for the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive neuron rates, which were significantly lower than in the control group.<br />Conclusions: The neuroprotective effects of spinal cord stimulation postconditioning against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury were partially mediated by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.<br /> (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Apoptosis
Disease Models, Animal
Hindlimb
Male
Microglia pathology
Paraplegia metabolism
Paraplegia pathology
Paraplegia physiopathology
Rabbits
Reperfusion Injury metabolism
Reperfusion Injury pathology
Reperfusion Injury physiopathology
Spinal Cord Ischemia metabolism
Spinal Cord Ischemia pathology
Spinal Cord Ischemia physiopathology
Time Factors
Microglia metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal innervation
Paraplegia prevention & control
Reperfusion Injury prevention & control
Spinal Cord blood supply
Spinal Cord Ischemia prevention & control
Spinal Cord Stimulation
alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1097-685X
- Volume :
- 159
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31030961
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.03.048