Removal of hinosan from underground water using NH 4 Cl-modified activated carbon from rice husk.

In the present study, NH ₄ Cl-modified activated carbon was synthesized from rice husk and used as an adsorbent for removal of hinosan from underground waters. The effect of some effective parameters on the adsorption of hinosan on the rice husk NH ₄ Cl-modified activated carbon (RHNAC) like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature was evaluated in batch mode and the optimum conditions were determined. Kinetic of adsorption was studied by Langmuir and Freundlich's models. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of hinosan on RHNAC based on the Langmuir isotherm model was 81.366 mg g ^-1 . The experimental adsorption data had the best fitness with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The applicability of the prepared adsorbent (RHNAC) was compared with other activated carbons (ZnCl ₂ -modified activated carbon was prepared from rice husk and industrial activated carbon). The obtained results which were calculated from the selected adsorbents showed more desirability for RHNAC as an adsorbent. So, RHNAC could be introduced as an effective and cost-effective adsorbent for removal of hinosan from underground waters. Graphical abstract.