Are presepsin and resistin better markers for bacterial infection in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis?

Background: Bacterial infections impair prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. Presepsin and, more recently, resistin are promising markers of infection and sepsis in patients without cirrhosis.
Aims: The aim of our study was to assess the performance of presepsin and resistin as early markers of infection compared with C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), and their prognostic relevance in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
Methods: One hundred and fourteen consecutive patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled and followed-up for 28 days. Diagnostic performances of CRP, PCT, presepsin and resistin were assessed.
Results: Fifty-three (46.5%) patients had bacterial infections of which 30 (56%) had sepsis. Presepsin and resistin had similar performance as CRP and PCT for the diagnosis of infection (best cut-off of 1444 pg/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively) and sepsis. Presepsin (HR = 5.5; 95%CI: 2.36-13.21, p < 0.0001) and the ≥500 pg/ml increase of presepsin at 48 h (HR = 9.24; 95%CI: 3.66-23.27, p < 0.008) were independently associated with 28-day mortality.
Conclusions: Presepsin and resistin have similar diagnostic performances to CRP and PCT for bacterial infection in decompensated cirrhosis. Presepsin and Δ presepsin ≥500 pg/ml have also a prognostic relevance for 28-day mortality.
(Copyright © 2019 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)