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Immunomodulatory and Metabolic Changes after Gnetin-C Supplementation in Humans.
- Source :
-
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2019 Jun 21; Vol. 11 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jun 21. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Gnetin-C is a naturally occurring stilbene derived from the seeds of Gnetum gnemon L. , an edible plant native to Southeast Asia that is called melinjo. Although the biological properties and safety of G. gnemon extract, which contains nearly 3% Gnetin-C, have been confirmed in various human studies, whether or not pure Gnetin-C is safe for humans is unclear at present. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The interventional group ( n = 6) was given Gnetin-C, and the control group ( n = 6) was provided a placebo, for 14 days. Lipid profiles, biomarkers of oxidative stress and circulating blood cells were assessed before and after the intervention. All subjects completed the study, with no side effects reported across the study duration. Gnetin-C supplementation demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the absolute number of circulating natural killer (NK) cells expressing the activating receptors NKG2D and NKp46. NK cells derived from subjects who received Gnetin-C for two weeks showed higher cytotoxicity against K562 target cells than those before receiving Gnetin-C. In addition, Gnetin-C also resulted in a significant decrease in the absolute neutrophil count in the blood compared with the placebo. Furthermore, Gnetin-C significantly reduced the levels of uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total adiponectin, and high-molecular-weight adiponectin. These data indicate that Gnetin-C has biological effects of enhancing the NK activity on circulating human immune cells. The immunomodulatory effects are consistent with a putative improvement in cancer immunosurveillance via the upregulation of the NKG2D receptor. The study was registered with UMIN-CTR, number 000030364, on 12 December 2017.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Benzofurans adverse effects
Benzofurans pharmacokinetics
Biomarkers blood
Coculture Techniques
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic drug effects
Double-Blind Method
Female
Humans
Immunologic Factors adverse effects
Immunologic Factors pharmacokinetics
Japan
K562 Cells
Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Killer Cells, Natural metabolism
Lipids blood
Male
Middle Aged
NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K blood
Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 blood
Neutrophils drug effects
Neutrophils immunology
Oxidative Stress drug effects
Stilbenes adverse effects
Stilbenes pharmacokinetics
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult
Benzofurans administration & dosage
Dietary Supplements adverse effects
Energy Metabolism drug effects
Immunologic Factors administration & dosage
Killer Cells, Natural drug effects
Stilbenes administration & dosage
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6643
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31234376
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061403