Effects of Benzophenones from Mango Leaves on Lipid Metabolism.

The mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical, perennial, woody evergreen plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae. In traditional medicine, dried mango tree leaves were considered useful in treating diabetes and respiratory infections. In this paper, we review the phytochemical research on mango leaves and the mechanisms of benzophenones in lipid metabolism regulation. Thirty-six benzophenones have been isolated from mango leaves; among them, mangiferin is the major compound. Structure-activity relationships of benzophenones in lipid accumulation and the mechanisms of action of mangiferin in lipid metabolism are summarized. After oral administration, mangiferin is partly converted to its active metabolite, northyariol, which contributes to the activation of sirtuin-1 and liver kinase B1 and increases the intracellular AMP level and AMP/adenosine triphosphate ratio, followed by AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, leading to increased phosphorylation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. Current evidence supports ethnopharmacological uses of mango leaves in diabetes and points toward potential future applications.