Clinical Properties and Risk Factors for Descemet Membrane Folds After Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Patients With Keratoconus.

Purpose: To report the clinical properties and risk factors for corneal Descemet membrane (DM) folds after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in patients with keratoconus.
Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study. Study participants-experimental group: 44 eyes with DM folds after DALK; control group: 135 eyes without DM folds after DALK.
Results: Forty eyes with DM folds were displayed as 1 or 2 translucent lines in the DM layer. Three eyes appeared as several arcuate shape lines, and 1 eye presented as a radial shape. DM folds impaired corrected visual acuity after DALK (P = 0.018). Age older than 20.5 years at surgery and disease duration longer than 5.5 years were independent risk factors for DM fold formation after DALK surgery (odds ratio 5.39, 95% confidence interval: 2.11-13.73, P < 0.001; 6.60, 95% confidence interval: 2.92-14.94, P < 0.001). Preoperative Kmean, Kmax, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, sex, history of rigid gas permeable contact lens wearing, Vogt striae, stromal scar, and intraoperative microperforation had no influence on the occurrence of DM folds (P1 = 0.775, P2 = 0.896, P3 = 0.555, P4 = 0.182, P5 = 0.656, P6 = 0.237, P7 = 1.000, P8 = 0.587, and P9 = 0.798).
Conclusions: DM folds impaired postoperative corrected visual acuity. The risk factors for DM folds included age older than 20.5 years and disease duration longer than 5.5 years.