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Tuberculosis vaccination sequence effect on protection in wild boar.

Authors :: Díez-Delgado I
Sevilla IA
Garrido JM
Romero B
Geijo MV
Dominguez L
Juste RA
Aranaz A
de la Fuente J
Gortazar C
Source :: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases [Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis] 2019 Oct; Vol. 66, pp. 101329. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 04.
Publication Year :: 2019
Abstract: The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a reservoir for tuberculosis (TB) in which vaccination is a valuable tool for control. We evaluated the protection and immune response achieved by homologous and heterologous regimes administering BCG and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (IV). Twenty-one wild boar piglets were randomly allocated in five groups: Control, homologous BCG, homologous IV, heterologous IV-BCG, heterologous BCG-IV. Significant 67% and 66% total lesion score reductions were detected in homologous IV (IVx2) and heterologous IV-BCG groups when compared with Control group (F <subscript>4,16</subscript>  = 6.393, p = 0.003; Bonferroni <subscript>Control vs IVx2</subscript> p = 0.026, Tukey <subscript>Control vs IV-BCG</subscript> p = 0.021). No significant differences were found for homologous BCG (although a 48% reduction in total lesion score was recorded) and BCG-IV (3% reduction). Heterologous regimes did not improve protection over homologous regimes in the wild boar model and showed variable results from no protection to similar protection as homologous regimes. Therefore, homologous regimes remain the best option to vaccinate wild boar against TB. Moreover, vaccine sequence dramatically influenced the outcome underlining the relevance of studying the effects of prior sensitization in the outcome of vaccination.<br /> (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)