A Cross-Sectional Study of Empathy Among Students at Two Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs in Boston.

Background: A decline in empathy has been demonstrated in college students over a 30-year period. While higher empathy levels have been measured in healthcare students vs non-healthcare students, reports show a disheartening decrease in student empathy scores over the course of professional healthcare education.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess self-reported empathy in students at two Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs, one of which used problem-based learning pedagogy while the other used a more traditional didactic teaching method.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of cohorts of students enrolled at two DPT programs between June 2016 and January 2017. Empathy levels were measured using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professions Student version (JSE-HPS) at the start of each year in their DPT education. Demographic factors of gender and age were also examined.
Results: The majority of respondents were female (243/304) with an even distribution of respondents per year of educational experience. There was no significant difference in levels of empathy when comparing the cohorts of students from the two pedagogically different DPT programs. Females demonstrated higher levels of empathy than males. There was a greater level of empathy in third-year students than first-year students in both programs.
Conclusion: No differences were found in empathy levels between students from two pedagogically different institutions. As empathy is correlated with improved patient outcomes and patient satisfaction, endeavors to understand, document, and increase students' empathy levels should be investigated.