Orbital roof fractures as an indicator for concomitant ocular injury.

Background: Orbital roof fractures are a significant cause of morbidity in trauma and are associated with a spectrum of orbital and ocular injuries. This study aims to characterize orbital roof fracture patterns and quantify the rate of acute intervention as compared with non-roof involving orbital wall fractures.
Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 340 orbital wall fractures diagnosed by CT imaging from August 2015 to October 2016. Orbital wall fractures were categorized as roof involving (N = 50) and non-roof involving (N = 290). Comparisons were made between these two groups to indicate a statistically significant difference in mechanism of injury, subjective symptoms, CT and exam findings, and final plan of care to include acute ophthalmologic intervention at the time of consultation.
Results: Assault (40.7%) was the most common cause of non-roof-involving fractures while falls from height (20.0%) were associated with a higher rate of roof fractures. Roof-involving orbital wall fractures were associated with a higher prevalence of corneal abrasions (16.3%), lid lacerations (23.4%), and traumatic optic neuropathy (10.4%). A reliable subjective exam on initial ophthalmic consultation was not achieved in a larger proportion of roof fracture patients (30%). Despite this, the rate of acute intervention in this group (34%) was almost double, including lateral canthotomy and cantholysis.
Conclusions: Concomitant ocular injury is common in roof-involving orbital wall fractures, and may require more urgent ophthalmologic evaluation and acute intervention. As subjective patient data is often less readily available, a high index of suspicion and thorough investigation is warranted in caring for patients with roof-involving orbital wall fractures.