Cardiothoracic Morphology Measures in Heart Failure Patients to Inform Device Designs.

Purpose: Approximately 5.7 million people in the US are affected by congestive heart failure. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate cardiothoracic morphology and variability within a cohort of heart failure patients for the purpose of optimally engineering cardiac devices for a variety of heart failure patients.
Methods: Co-registered cardiac-gated and non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed from 20 heart failure patients (12 males; 8 females) who were primarily older adults (79.5 ± 8.8 years). Twelve cardiothoracic measurements were collected and compared to study sex and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) type differences in cardiothoracic morphology.
Results: Four measures were significantly greater in males compared to females: LV long-axis length, LV end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) at 50% length of the LV long-axis, the minimal distance between the sternum and heart, and the angle between the LV long-axis and coronal plane. Four measures were significantly greater in patients with reduced EF compared to preserved LV: LV long-axis length, LVEDD at 50% length of the LV long-axis, left ventricular volume normalized by body surface area, and the angle between the mitral valve plane and LV long-axis.
Conclusions: These cardiothoracic morphology measurements are important to consider in the design of cardiac devices for heart failure management (e.g. cardiac pacemakers, ventricular assist devices, and implantable defibrillators), since morphology differs by sex and ejection fraction.