Respiratory and hemodynamic effects of three different sedative regimens for drug induced sleep endoscopy in sleep apnea patients. A prospective randomized study.

Background: Drug induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) has emerged as a promising tool for customizing the adequate surgical approach to relieve airway obstruction in sleep apnea patients. We aimed to compare propofol, dexmedetomidine or ketofol with regards their efficacy and safety for sedation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing DISE procedure.
Methods: Sixty adult OSA patients scheduled for DISE procedure were randomly allocated into three equal groups to receive either propofol (group P), dexmedetomidine (group D), or ketofol (group K). Incidence of oxygen desaturation <90%, hemodynamic variables, time to achieve sufficient sedation level, recovery time, patients' and endoscopists' satisfaction, and incidence of adverse effects were recorded.
Results: Higher incidence of oxygen desaturation <90% was observed in group P as compared to groups D and K (70%, 35%, and 30% respectively, P=0.021*). Group D showed a significantly longer time to reach target sedation level, prolonged recovery time with more consumption of rescue propofol as compared to group P and group K (P=0.000*, 0.000*, 0.000* respectively). Heart rate values were lower in group D after the loading dose till 30 min postoperative as compared to the other two groups, while blood pressure was lower in both P and D groups at five, 10, 15 min, and on reaching recovery room compared to K group. Two patients in the K group had psychomimetic symptoms with no difference between groups as regards other adverse events or patients' and endoscopist's satisfactions.
Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine and ketofol provided a safe respiratory profile compared to propofol during DISE without significant hemodynamic adverse events.