Development and characterization of a syngeneic monoclonal antibody to a rat mammary tumor metastasis-associated mucin-like cell-surface antigen (gp580).

A rat hybridoma producing IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) GP21:56 was generated with specificity for a high-molecular-weight, mucin-like glycoprotein (gp580) present on highly metastatic 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. The hybridoma was made by fusing rat Y3 Ag1.2.3 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized i.d. with purified gp580. The gp580 appeared to be of low immunogenicity in syngeneic F344 rats because a total of 27 fusions were required to produce one hybridoma with specificity for this glycoprotein. Immunoblotting of purified gp580 after electrophoresis in 1% agarose and antibody-binding assays using purified gp580 linked to microtiter plates confirmed that MAb GP21:56 bound specifically to gp580. Other MAbs made against breast mucins were negative for gp580 reactivity. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) and radiolabelled antibody binding assays demonstrated that MAb GP21:56 bound to 13762NF adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones in relation to their spontaneous metastatic potentials; significantly more MAb GP21:56 bound to highly metastatic MTLn3 cells than to low metastatic MTC cells, and MAb GP21:56 showed little reactivity towards the majority of other cell lines tested, whether of rodent or of human origin. Kinetic binding studies indicated that MAb GP21:56 does not have a high affinity for gp580 but, once bound, it shows high avidity for this sialogalactoprotein. Localization studies using frozen tissue sections of 13762NF tumors indicated that MAb GP21:56 reacts with tumor cells grown in vivo in an analogous manner to in vitro cultured cells. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, less than 50% of the highly metastatic MTLn3 tumor cells were stained, whereas approximately 20% of the intermediate metastatic MTF7 and MTLn2 cells and less than 10% of low metastatic MTC and MTPa cells were stained with MAb GP21:56. The cell-to-cell reactivity was heterogeneous and mainly associated with the tumor-cell surface and extracellular matrix.