Bilateral congenital radioulnar synostosis in an Early Horizon subadult burial from the site of Atalla, Peru.

Objective: This study was undertaken to identify pathological conditions within the population living at Atalla (1000-500 BCE), an important early village site and ritual center located in Huancavelica, Peru.
Materials: Articulated burials (N = 3) and commingled human remains excavated during the 2015 and 2016 field seasons.
Methods: Osteological remains were analyzed for macroscopic evidence of pathological changes.
Results: A case of bilateral proximal radioulnar fusion was observed in an Early Horizon (ca. 800 BCE) subadult skeleton (Individual 1). A differential diagnosis of this pathology supports congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS), a rare developmental condition. Enamel hypoplasia was also identified in the same individual.
Conclusions: Burial treatment of Individual 1 does not provide any indication that CRUS was afforded an exceptional social significance.
Contribution to Paleopathology: This example of CRUS is notable as it represents the second published archaeological case of CRUS from Peru and the earliest reported case globally.
Limitations of This Study: The osteological sample currently available from this site is limited.
Suggestions for Future Research: Increased fieldwork in this region is recommended to further clarify the distribution and social significance of CRUS in the prehistoric Andes.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None
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