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Demographics and health profile on precursors of non-communicable diseases in adults testing for HIV in Soweto, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.
- Source :
-
BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2019 Dec 15; Vol. 9 (12), pp. e030701. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 15. - Publication Year :
- 2019
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Abstract
- Objectives: This cross-sectional study investigated the burden of HIV-non-communicable disease (NCD) precursor comorbidity by age and sex. Policies stress integrated HIV-NCD screenings; however, NCD screening is poorly implemented in South African HIV testing services (HTS).<br />Setting: Walk-in HTS Centre in Soweto, South Africa.<br />Participants: 325 voluntary adults, aged 18+ years, who provided written or verbal informed consent (with impartial witness) for screening procedures were enrolled.<br />Primary and Secondary Outcomes: Data on sociodemographics, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infection symptoms, blood pressure (BP) (≥140/90=elevated) and body mass index (<18.5 underweight; 18.5-25.0 normal; >25 overweight/obese) were stratified by age-group, sex and HIV status.<br />Results: Of the 325 participants, the largest proportions were female (51.1%; n=166/325), single (71.5%; n=231/323) and 25-34 years (33.8%; n=110/325). Overall, 20.9% (n=68/325) were HIV infected, 27.5% (n=89/324) had high BP and 33.5% (n=109/325) were overweight/obese. Among HIV-infected participants, 20.6% (14/68) had high BP and 30.9% (21/68) were overweight/obese, as compared with 29.3% (75/256) and 12.1% (31/256) of the HIV-uninfected participants, respectively. Females were more likely HIV-infected compared with males (26.5% (44/166) vs 15.1% (24/159); p=0.012). In both HIV-infected and uninfected groups, high BP was most prevalent in those aged 35-44 years (25% (6/24) vs 36% (25/70); p=0.3353) and >44 years (29% (4/14) vs 48% (26/54); p=0.1886). Males had higher BP than females (32.9% (52/158) vs 22.3% (37/166); p=0.0323); more females were overweight/obese relative to males (45.8% (76/166) vs 20.8% (33/159); p<0.0001). Females were more likely to be HIV infected and overweight/obese.<br />Conclusion: Among HTS clients, NCD precursors rates and co-morbidities were high. Elevated BP occurred more in older participants. Targeted integrated interventions for HIV-infected females and HIV-infected people aged 18-24 and 35-44 years could improve HIV public health outcomes. Additional studies on whether integrated HTS will improve the uptake of NCD treatment and improve health outcomes are required.<br />Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.<br /> (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Age Distribution
Body Mass Index
Comorbidity
Cost of Illness
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Hypertension epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity epidemiology
Overweight epidemiology
Prevalence
Sex Distribution
South Africa epidemiology
Young Adult
HIV Infections epidemiology
Noncommunicable Diseases epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2044-6055
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BMJ open
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31843823
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030701