Assessment of extravasation on ruptured uterine artery pseudoaneurysm using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography during uterine balloon tamponade.

Objective: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEU) has been used in critical trauma situations to visualize extravasation; however, its use is limited in the field of obstetrics. Cases of ruptured uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) were analyzed to clarify the efficacy to CEU during uterine balloon tamponade.
Methods: Cases of ruptured UAP diagnosed at a teaching university hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. UAP was diagnosed using color Doppler ultrasonography. Extravasation was identified using computed tomography and double checked using CEU with an intravenously administered contrast agent (Sonazoid; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and an ultrasound instrument (HI VISION Preirus; Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A balloon was then inserted into the uterine cavity and inflated at the point of bleeding until extravasation ceased.
Results: Three patients exhibited ruptured UAP during the study period. Bleeding points were successfully identified using CEU in all cases, and hemostasis was achieved using uterine balloon tamponade. Obliteration of UAP was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging, and no patients developed recurrent UAP or any complications.
Conclusion: CEU can be used at the bedside to promptly diagnose ruptured UAP. Moreover, it precisely facilitates balloon compression at the point of bleeding.