Ultrasound enhanced production of mycelia and exopolysaccharide by Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam.

Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam (ABSC), is a kind of rare edible macrofungi with a variety of biological ingredients, especially its polysaccharides. However, the low yield limits the popularity and promotion of rare edible macrofungi as well as its macrofungi polysaccharides. Hence, developing a positive and effective cultivation method is of great importance. Herein, an efficient ultrasonic (US) stimulation strategy was developed to improve mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) biosynthesis from ABSC in submerged cultivation without light. A time design was employed to illustrate the effect of various process parameters including duration, starting point and times of US irradiation on ABSC productivity. 5 min US treatment for once upon ABSC after fermentation for 48 h could significantly improve EPS production and mycelia growth by above 26% and 15.03%, respectively. Furthermore, six times of 5 min US treatment could make the amount of EPS reach 218.78 ± 17.09 mg/g, which was 2.52-fold higher than that of the control. Moreover, the enhanced effect induced by US was further expounded by fermentation kinetics. Besides, the US treatment could increase mycelia permeability, change structure and reduce mycelial diameter to promote mass transfer, resulting in the improvement of EPS production and mycelia accumulation. The results demonstrated that the present proposed US intensification approach could be useful to boost up the fermentation of ABSC, which possibly applied to yield increase and fermentation product acquisition of macrofungi.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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