The Scottish Women's Hospitals: the first World War and the careers of early medical women.

The Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service (SWH) was a women's organization that equipped fourteen women's hospital units across Europe during the First World War. About one hundred female doctors of different backgrounds served with the SWH. The aim of this study is to investigate how the experiences of women doctors during the First World War affected their later careers. This retrospective cohort study included the 92 women doctors who survived the War, as well as another 6 volunteers who qualified in medicine shortly after the War. By studying their publications, (auto)biographies, obituaries, genealogical databases and entries in the Medical Directory, their lives and careers are reconstructed. This study argues that, even though wartime service undoubtedly had an enormous impact on this group of brave and forward-thinking women, the beneficial effects on the position of women doctors, as a whole, were negligible.