Back to Search
Start Over
Tissue Residue Levels of the Tranquilizer Combination of Butorphanol, Azaperone, and Medetomidine, and the Antagonists, Naltrexone, Atipamezole, and Tolazoline, in Black Bears (Ursus americanus) Postimmobilization.
Tissue Residue Levels of the Tranquilizer Combination of Butorphanol, Azaperone, and Medetomidine, and the Antagonists, Naltrexone, Atipamezole, and Tolazoline, in Black Bears (Ursus americanus) Postimmobilization.
- Source :
-
Journal of wildlife diseases [J Wildl Dis] 2020 Oct 01; Vol. 56 (4), pp. 933-936. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The tranquilizer combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (BAM) has shown good efficacy for immobilization of wildlife, including black bears (Ursus americanus). BAM is antagonized with a combination of naltrexone and atipamezole. We immobilized 19 adult captive wild caught black bears and, except for three bears that were euthanized immediately, bears were recovered with naltrexone and atipamezole. Tissue residues (≥0.01 ppm) for the tranquilizers butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine were detected in liver and muscle of all three bears euthanized on day 0 postinjection (PI). Azaperone was not detected after 1 d PI. Residue for medetomidine was detected in two bears: in the liver 3 d PI and in the kidney 6 d PI. Butorphanol was reported in three bears: in fat 5 d PI, in kidney 6 d PI, and, surprisingly, in kidney, muscle, and fat 7 d PI. No tissue residues were detected in the three bears euthanized at 8 d PI. Tissue residues for the antagonists, naltrexone and atipamezole, were detected in bears euthanized 2 and 6 d PI, but not in tissues from animals euthanized at 7 or 8 d PI.<br /> (© Wildlife Disease Association 2020.)
- Subjects :
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists administration & dosage
Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists pharmacokinetics
Analgesics, Opioid administration & dosage
Analgesics, Opioid pharmacokinetics
Analgesics, Opioid pharmacology
Animals
Antihypertensive Agents administration & dosage
Antihypertensive Agents pharmacokinetics
Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology
Azaperone administration & dosage
Azaperone pharmacology
Butorphanol administration & dosage
Butorphanol pharmacology
Drug Combinations
Drug Residues
Hypnotics and Sedatives administration & dosage
Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacokinetics
Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacology
Imidazoles administration & dosage
Imidazoles pharmacology
Immobilization veterinary
Medetomidine administration & dosage
Medetomidine pharmacology
Naltrexone administration & dosage
Naltrexone pharmacology
Narcotic Antagonists administration & dosage
Narcotic Antagonists pharmacokinetics
Narcotic Antagonists pharmacology
Tolazoline pharmacology
Ursidae
Azaperone pharmacokinetics
Butorphanol pharmacokinetics
Imidazoles pharmacokinetics
Medetomidine pharmacokinetics
Naltrexone pharmacokinetics
Tolazoline pharmacokinetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1943-3700
- Volume :
- 56
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of wildlife diseases
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32348204
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-19-00012