Bioactive Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Evolvulus linarioides .

Three new caryophyllane-type sesquiterpenoids, linariophyllenes A-C ( 1 - 3 ), two new hamamelitol derivatives, linaritols A ( 4) and B ( 5 ), two new chromones, linariosides A ( 6 ) and B ( 7 ), and three known chromones, cnidimol C ( 8 ), monnieriside A ( 9 ), and undulatoside A ( 10 ), were identified from the aerial parts of Evolvulus linarioides . The structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS, and IR data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 - 5 and 7 were established via electronic circular dichroism data. The anti-inflammatory potential of compounds 1 - 5 and 7 - 10 was evaluated by determining their ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β by stimulated J774 macrophages. Compounds tested at noncytotoxic concentrations inhibited NO production by macrophages, exhibiting IC ₅₀ values between 17.8 and 66.2 μM, and inhibited IL-1β production by stimulated macrophages by 72.7-96.2%.