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Socioeconomic inequality in tobacco expenditure in Iran: a cross-sectional analysis at national and subnational levels.
- Source :
-
BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2020 Jun 29; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 1031. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 29. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Background: Tobacco expenditure has adverse impacts on expenditure on basic needs and resource allocation of the households. Using data from a nationally representative survey, we measured socioeconomic inequality in tobacco expenditure as the share of household budget (TEHB) and explained its main determinants among Iranian households at the national and sub-national levels.<br />Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Iranian Household Income and Expenditure Survey (IHIES), 2018. We included a total of 7649 households with tobacco expenditure more than zero in the analysis. Province-level data on the Human Development Index (HDI) was obtained from the Institute for Management Research at Radbound University. The concentration curve (CC) and the concentration index (C) were used to measure socioeconomic inequality in TEHB at national and sub-national levels. The C was decomposed to identify the factors explaining the observed socioeconomic inequality in TEHB.<br />Results: At the national level, households with at least one smoker spent more than 5% of their budget for tobacco consumption in the last month. Households from the urban areas allocated less of their budgets on tobacco products compared to rural households (4.6% vs. 5.8%). Overall, TEHB was more concentrated among the poorer households (C = 0.1423, 95% CI: - 0.1552 to - 0.1301). In other words, the distribution of TEHB was pro-poor in Iran. Pro-poor inequality in TEHB was also found in urban (C = - 0.1707, 95% CI: - 0.1998 to - 0.1516) and rural (C = - 0.1314, 95% CI: - 0.1474 to - 0.1152) areas. We also found that pro-poor inequalities were higher in Iranian provinces with low HDI. The decomposition results indicate that wealth and education were the main factors contributing to the concentration of TEHB among the poorer households.<br />Conclusion: This study found that TEHB was disproportionality concentrated among poorer households in Iran. The extent of inequality in TEHB was higher in urban areas and less developed provinces. Designing and implementing tobacco control interventions to decrease the smoking prevalence and increase smoking cessation could protect worse-off households against the financial burden of tobacco spending.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Family Characteristics
Female
Humans
Iran epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Poverty statistics & numerical data
Prevalence
Rural Population statistics & numerical data
Surveys and Questionnaires
Tobacco Use epidemiology
Urban Population statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
Health Expenditures statistics & numerical data
Health Status Disparities
Healthcare Disparities economics
Socioeconomic Factors
Tobacco Use economics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1471-2458
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BMC public health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32600457
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09144-z