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Pain modulatory properties of Phoneutria nigriventer crude venom and derived peptides: A double-edged sword.

Authors :
Lauria PSS
Villarreal CF
Casais-E-Silva LL
Source :
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology [Toxicon] 2020 Oct 15; Vol. 185, pp. 120-128. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 12.
Publication Year :
2020

Abstract

Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) is a complex mixture of toxins exerting multiple pharmacological effects that ultimately result in severe local pain at the site of the bite. It has been proposed that the PNV-induced pain is mediated by both peripheral and central mechanisms. The nociception triggered by PNV is peripherally mediated by the activation of B <subscript>2</subscript> , 5-HT <subscript>4</subscript> , NMDA, AMPA, NK <subscript>1</subscript> , and NK <subscript>2</subscript> receptors, as well as TTXS-Na <superscript>+</superscript> , ASIC, and TRPV1 channels. The activation of tachykinin, glutamate and CGRP receptors along with the production of inflammatory mediators are, at least partially, responsible for the central component of pain. Despite its well established pro-nociceptive properties, PNV contains some toxins with antinociceptive activity, which have been studied in the last few years. The toxins ω-CNTX-Pn4a, ω-CNTX-Pn2a, ω-CNTX-Pn3a, κ-CNTX-Pn1a, U <subscript>7</subscript> -CNTX-Pn1a, δ-CNTX-Pn1a, and Γ-CNTX-Pn1a from PNV, as well as the semi-synthetic peptide PnPP-19 have been tested in different experimental models of pain showing consistent antinociceptive properties. This review aims to discuss the pro- and antinociceptive actions of PNV and its toxins, highlighting possible mechanisms involved in these apparently dualistic properties.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1879-3150
Volume :
185
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
32668276
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.005