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Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera.
- Source :
-
Genes [Genes (Basel)] 2020 Jul 16; Vol. 11 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 16. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Background: Anthocyanin pigmentation characterizes a number of tissues of Citrus and its relatives. The gain and loss of pigmentation is intriguing and is inherited variously among species.<br />Methods: Citrus germplasm was used to investigate the anthocyanin pigmentation of tissues never before considered, including stamen, style and stigma, and of young leaves, petals, rind and flesh of 28 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Citrus genotypes encompassed citron, lemon, sweet orange, lime, and Citrus relatives included Microcitrus , Murraya , and Severinia . A relative qRT-PCR analysis was carried out on the structural and regulatory genes: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3'-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), uridine diphosphate glucose flavonoid glucosyl-transferase (UFGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Ruby and Noemi. Image analysis and a genomic approach were employed to evaluate how the red pigmentation is inherited among tissues and species.<br />Results: Pigmentation of young leaves and petals is specific to citron and its hybrids. Ruby controls the pigmentation of petals, but not of leaves. The red color of the rind and flesh is a trait that particularly characterizes a diversity of sweet oranges, citron hybrids and Citrus relatives. Color expression depends on external factors and also on developmental stage. The coloration of stamen and style is citron-specific, while a red stigma is exclusive to Moro orange and its hybrids.<br />Conclusion: It is hypothesized that there is a relationship among Citrus species and genes controlling anthocyanin pigmentation.
- Subjects :
- Anthocyanins genetics
Citrus classification
Citrus metabolism
Color
Flowers genetics
Flowers metabolism
Fruit genetics
Fruit metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genetic Association Studies
Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics
Phenotype
Phylogeny
Pigments, Biological biosynthesis
Pigments, Biological genetics
Plant Proteins genetics
Plant Proteins metabolism
Species Specificity
Anthocyanins biosynthesis
Citrus genetics
Genetic Speciation
Pigmentation genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2073-4425
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Genes
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32708660
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11070807