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Impact of enantiomer-specific changes in pharmacokinetics between infants and adults on the target concentration of racemic ketorolac: A pooled analysis.
Impact of enantiomer-specific changes in pharmacokinetics between infants and adults on the target concentration of racemic ketorolac: A pooled analysis.
- Source :
-
British journal of clinical pharmacology [Br J Clin Pharmacol] 2021 Mar; Vol. 87 (3), pp. 1443-1454. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 09. - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Aims: Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory racemic drug with analgesic effects only attributed to its S-enantiomer. The aim of this study is to quantify enantiomer-specific maturational pharmacokinetics (PK) of ketorolac and investigate if the contribution of both enantiomers to the total ketorolac concentration remains equal between infants and adults or if a change in target racemic concentration should be considered when applied to infants.<br />Methods: Data were pooled from 5 different studies in adults, children and infants, with 1020 plasma concentrations following single intravenous ketorolac administration. An allometry-based enantiomer-specific population PK model was developed with NONMEM 7.3. Simulations were performed in typical adults and infants to investigate differences in S- and R-ketorolac exposure.<br />Results: S- and R-ketorolac PK were best described with a 3- and a 2-compartment model, respectively. The allometry-based PK parameters accounted for changes between populations. No maturation function of ketorolac clearance could be identified. All model parameters were estimated with adequate precision (relative standard error <50%). Single dose simulations showed that a previously established analgesic concentration at half maximal effect in adults of 0.37 mg/L, had a mean S-ketorolac concentration of 0.057 mg/L, but a mean S-ketorolac concentration of 0.046 mg/L in infants. To match the effective adult S-ketorolac-concentration (0.057 mg/L) in typical infants, the EC <subscript>50-racemic</subscript> should be increased to 0.41 mg/L.<br />Conclusion: Enantiomer-specific changes in ketorolac PK yield different concentrations and S- and R-ketorolac ratios between infants and adults at identical racemic concentrations. These PK findings should be considered when studies on maturational pharmacodynamics are considered.<br /> (© 2020 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1365-2125
- Volume :
- 87
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- British journal of clinical pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32901947
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14547