Numerical analysis of conduction velocity/path relationships in a crustacean sensory neuron.

Experimental observations of the axonal conduction velocities of sensory neurons associated with near-field sensilla on the cephalothorax of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii indicate that neurons supplying sensilla farther from their connections with the central nervous system exhibit higher overall impulse conduction velocities. The conduction velocity/distance relationship is best described by an exponentially rising, asymptotic curve. A numerical model for regional variations in impulse conduction velocity in these sensory neurons was developed, based upon neuronal morphological metrics and physiological data. The predicted relationship between conduction velocity and length of conduction pathway in the model was compared to experimental data from 88 sensory neurons associated with thoracic near-field receptor sensilla, in which both the mean conduction velocity and the length of the conduction pathway for each neuron were known. Curves fitted to the conduction velocity versus distance relationship in the two cases were similar, although not congruent. Chi-square statistics comparing the curves predict that the curves are similar at the 0.005 probability level, suggesting that the numerical model's variations in axonal morphology can satisfactorily account for the observed conduction velocity-distance relationship in these sensory neurons.