Prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Background: In approximately 13% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, a hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) can be detected: antimitochondrial M2 antibodies (AMA-M2). It has not been determined if the presence of AMA-M2 in SLE patients results in a higher risk of PBC in comparison to those with AMA but no SLE. Until now, there have been no such analyses among individuals with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE).
Methods: To assess the seropositivity rates for AMA-M2 and autoantibodies associated with autoimmune hepatitis in patients with newly diagnosed SCLE and to determine the coexistence and risk of development of autoimmune liver disease in these patients within 1 year of follow-up, data from 33 patients with newly diagnosed SCLE were analyzed.
Results: AMA-M2 was found in 20% of SCLE patients. Patients from the AMA-M2-positive group were characterized by significantly higher levels of cholestatic liver enzymes when compared to those without AMA-M2 (P < 0.05). After introducing therapy with hydroxychloroquine and prednisone, the levels of hepatocellular enzymes increased significantly only in AMA-M2 positive patients (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: A high prevalence of AMA-M2 was found in patients with SCLE. Patients with SCLE and AMA-M2 had significantly higher values of cholestatic enzymes than patients without AMA. Newly diagnosed patients with SCLE should be screened for the presence of AMA and should be clinically followed up. Avoiding drugs with potential liver toxicity should be recommended in patients with SCLE and AMA.
(© 2020 the International Society of Dermatology.)