The economic impact of OFF periods in Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease affects nearly 1 million people in the United States, and the prevalence is expected to increase to at least 1.2 million people by 2030. Parkinson disease is a chronic, incurable disease. Most treatments focus on controlling motor symptoms; however, as the disease progresses, periods of reduced therapeutic benefit, or OFF periods, become more frequent and increasingly troublesome. OFF periods contribute to the already substantial economic burden of Parkinson disease. People with Parkinson disease who experience OFF periods and their caregivers have reported more work days with low productivity and more missed work days compared with those who do not experience OFF periods. More caregivers of people with Parkinson disease who experience OFF episodes reported that due to the disease, they had reduced or changed working hours, lost opportunities, or had reduced work productivity, and these caregivers reported an average of more than twice the amount of employment income lost compared with caregivers of people with Parkinson disease who do not experience OFF periods.