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The Basal Pharmacology of Palmitoylethanolamide.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2020 Oct 26; Vol. 21 (21). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 26. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, N -hexadecanoylethanolamide) is an endogenous compound belonging to the family of N -acylethanolamines. PEA has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is very well tolerated in humans. In the present article, the basal pharmacology of PEA is reviewed. In terms of its pharmacokinetic properties, most work has been undertaken upon designing formulations for its absorption and upon characterising the enzymes involved in its metabolism, but little is known about its bioavailability, tissue distribution, and excretion pathways. PEA exerts most of its biological effects in the body secondary to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), but PPAR-α-independent pathways involving other receptors (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), GPR55) have also been identified. Given the potential clinical utility of PEA, not least for the treatment of pain where there is a clear need for new well-tolerated drugs, we conclude that the gaps in our knowledge, in particular those relating to the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound, need to be filled.
- Subjects :
- Amides pharmacokinetics
Analgesics chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacokinetics
Biological Availability
Ethanolamines pharmacokinetics
Gene Expression Regulation drug effects
Humans
PPAR alpha metabolism
Palmitic Acids pharmacokinetics
Receptors, Cannabinoid metabolism
Tissue Distribution
Amides pharmacology
Analgesics pharmacology
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology
Ethanolamines pharmacology
Palmitic Acids pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 21
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33114698
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217942