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GABA-mediated activated microglia induce neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice following cold exposure through the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathways.
- Source :
-
International immunopharmacology [Int Immunopharmacol] 2020 Dec; Vol. 89 (Pt B), pp. 106908. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 06. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Chronic cold stress has long-term dramatic effects on the animal immune and neuroendocrine systems. As one of the important regions of the brain, the hippocampus is the main region involved in response to stressors. Nevertheless, the impact to the hippocampus following cold exposure and the underlying mechanism involved are not clear. To evaluate the response of the hippocampus during chronic cold stress, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 4 °C, 3 h per day for 1 week, after which neuroinflammation and the molecular and signaling pathways in the hippocampus response to cold stress were investigated. To confirm the potential mechanism, BV2 cells were treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and BAY 11-7082 and MCC950, then the activation of microglia and key proteins involved in the regulation of inflammation were measured. We demonstrated that chronic cold stress induced the activation of microglia, the emergence of neuroinflammation, and the impairment of neurons in the hippocampus, which might be the result of GABA-mediated activation of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology
Cell Line
Cold Temperature
Cytokines genetics
Cytokines metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Hippocampus drug effects
Hippocampus pathology
Inflammation etiology
Inflammation pathology
Inflammation prevention & control
Inflammation Mediators metabolism
Male
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microglia drug effects
Microglia pathology
Signal Transduction
Time Factors
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid pharmacology
Cold-Shock Response drug effects
Hippocampus metabolism
Inflammasomes metabolism
Inflammation metabolism
Microglia metabolism
NF-kappa B metabolism
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1878-1705
- Volume :
- 89
- Issue :
- Pt B
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International immunopharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33166810
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106908