Back to Search
Start Over
Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase-A Gatekeeper of Physiological Conditions in Health and a Modulator of Biological Environments in Disease.
- Source :
-
Biomolecules [Biomolecules] 2020 Dec 08; Vol. 10 (12). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 08. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that is best known for its role during mineralization processes in bones and skeleton. The enzyme metabolizes phosphate compounds like inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate to provide, among others, inorganic phosphate for the mineralization and transportable vitamin B6 molecules. Patients with inherited loss of function mutations in the ALPL gene and consequently altered TNAP activity are suffering from the rare metabolic disease hypophosphatasia (HPP). This systemic disease is mainly characterized by impaired bone and dental mineralization but may also be accompanied by neurological symptoms, like anxiety disorders, seizures, and depression. HPP characteristically affects all ages and shows a wide range of clinical symptoms and disease severity, which results in the classification into different clinical subtypes. This review describes the molecular function of TNAP during the mineralization of bones and teeth, further discusses the current knowledge on the enzyme's role in the nervous system and in sensory perception. An additional focus is set on the molecular role of TNAP in health and on functional observations reported in common laboratory vertebrate disease models, like rodents and zebrafish.
- Subjects :
- Alkaline Phosphatase deficiency
Animals
Anxiety enzymology
Anxiety pathology
Bone and Bones pathology
Calcification, Physiologic genetics
Depression enzymology
Depression pathology
Diphosphates metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Gene Expression
Humans
Hypophosphatasia enzymology
Hypophosphatasia pathology
Mutation
Seizures enzymology
Seizures pathology
Severity of Illness Index
Tooth growth & development
Vitamin B 6 metabolism
Alkaline Phosphatase genetics
Anxiety genetics
Bone and Bones enzymology
Depression genetics
Hypophosphatasia genetics
Seizures genetics
Tooth enzymology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2218-273X
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biomolecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33302551
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121648