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Active living environments, physical activity and premature cardiometabolic mortality in Canada: a nationwide cohort study.
- Source :
-
BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2020 Nov 20; Vol. 10 (11), pp. e035942. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 20. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Objective: To evaluate sex-specific and age-specific associations of active living environments (ALEs) with premature cardiometabolic mortality.<br />Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study.<br />Setting: Residential neighbourhoods (1000-metre circular buffers from the centroids of dissemination areas) across Canada for which the Canadian ALE Measure was derived, based on intersection density, points of interest and dwelling density.<br />Participants: 249 420 survey respondents from an individual-level record linkage between the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000-2010) and the Canadian Mortality Database until 2011, comprised of older women (65-85 years), older men (65-81 years), middle-aged women (45-64 years) and middle-aged men (45-64 years).<br />Primary Outcome Measures: Premature cardiometabolic mortality and average daily energy expenditure attributable to walking. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for age, educational attainment, dissemination area-level median income, smoking status, obesity, the presence of chronic conditions, season of survey response and survey cycle.<br />Results: Survey respondents contributed a total of 1 451 913 person-years. Greater walking was observed in more favourable ALEs. Walking was associated with lower cardiometabolic death in all groups except for middle-aged men. Favourable ALEs conferred a 22% reduction in death from cardiometabolic causes (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.97) for older women.<br />Conclusions: On average, people walk more in favourable ALEs, regardless of sex and age. With the exception of middle-aged men, walking is associated with lower premature cardiometabolic death. Older women living in neighbourhoods that favour active living live longer.<br />Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.<br /> (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2044-6055
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BMJ open
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33444170
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035942