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5-HT 2A Receptor and 5-HT Degradation Play a Crucial Role in Atherosclerosis by Modulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation, Vascular Endothelial Cell Inflammation, and Hepatic Steatosis.
- Source :
-
Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis [J Atheroscler Thromb] 2022 Mar 01; Vol. 29 (3), pp. 322-336. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 02. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Aim: Previously, we found that diabetes-related liver dysfunction is due to activation of the 5-HT <subscript>2A</subscript> receptor (5-HT <subscript>2A</subscript> R) and increased synthesis and degradation of 5-HT. Here, we investigated the role of 5-HT in the development of atherosclerosis.<br />Methods: The study was conducted using high-fat diet-fed male ApoE <superscript>-/-</superscript> mice, THP-1 cell-derived macrophages, and HUVECs. Protein expression and biochemical indexes were determined by Western blotting and quantitative analysis kit, respectively. The following staining methods were used: oil red O staining (showing atherosclerotic plaques and intracellular lipid droplets), immunohistochemistry (showing the expression of 5-HT <subscript>2A</subscript> R, 5-HT synthase, and CD68 in the aortic wall), and fluorescent probe staining (showing intracellular ROS).<br />Results: In addition to improving hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, co-treatment with a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor and a 5-HT <subscript>2A</subscript> R antagonist significantly suppressed the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and macrophage infiltration in the aorta of ApoE <superscript>-/-</superscript> mice in a synergistic manner. Macrophages and HUVECs exposed to oxLDL or palmitic acid in vitro showed that activated 5-HT <subscript>2A</subscript> R regulated TG synthesis and oxLDL uptake by activating PKCε, resulting in formation of lipid droplets and even foam cells; ROS production was due to the increase of both intracellular 5-HT synthesis and mitochondrial MAO-A-catalyzed 5-HT degradation, which leads to the activation of NF-κB and the release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β from macrophages and HUVECs as well as MCP-1 release from HUVECs.<br />Conclusion: Similar to hepatic steatosis, the pathogenesis of lipid-induced atherosclerosis is associated with activation of intracellular 5-HT <subscript>2A</subscript> R, 5-HT synthesis, and 5-HT degradation.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Atherosclerosis pathology
Cells, Cultured
Disease Models, Animal
Endothelial Cells pathology
Foam Cells pathology
Macrophages pathology
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Plaque, Atherosclerotic pathology
Atherosclerosis metabolism
Endothelial Cells metabolism
Foam Cells metabolism
Macrophages metabolism
Plaque, Atherosclerotic metabolism
Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A metabolism
Serotonin metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1880-3873
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33536397
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.58305