Effects of tocilizumab versus hemoadsorption combined with tocilizumab in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Preliminary results.

Objective: To assess the variations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with Tocilizumab (TCZ) alone or in association with hemoadsorption (HA).
Design: Retrospective.
Setting: An Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admitting mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Patients: Four adult patients.
Interventions: We compared the blood values of IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and of other biochemical variables including the PaO ₂ /FiO ₂ in two patients who received TCZ alone and in other 2 in whom it was associated with the HA (TCZ-HA) due to the presence of impending or established organ failures other than the lung. All variables were measured before, during and after the treatment.
Main Results: In all patients, the IL-6 increased during the treatment; after its termination, its values sharply decreased only in those treated also with HA; conversely, the CRP decreased in all patients; the PaO ₂ /FiO ₂ increased in three patients and remained stable in the remaining one. Both the TCZ and the HA were well tolerated; all patients were weaned from the mechanical ventilation and discharged from the hospital.
Limitations: Although the limited number of patients does not allow to draw firm conclusions, the increase of the IL-6 of can be ascribed to its displacement from cellular and soluble receptors, whereas its decrease is likely due to the scavenging effect exerted by the HA. Although the association TCZ-HA could be valuable in the treatment of the Cytokine Release Storm (CRS) associated with the SARS-CoV-2, the HA could be more effective as it neutralizes a wider panel of inflammatory mediators.