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The Effect of NUDT15 , TPMT , APEX1 , and ITPA Genetic Variations on Mercaptopurine Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
- Source :
-
Children (Basel, Switzerland) [Children (Basel)] 2021 Mar 15; Vol. 8 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 15. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Mercaptopurine (MP) is a commonly used maintenance regimen for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, 6-MP has a narrow therapeutic index, which causes dose-limiting toxicities in hematopoietic tissues. Recent studies reported several candidate pharmacogenetic markers such as TPMT, NUDT15, ITPA, and APEX1, which predict the possibility of 6-MP related toxicities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of major variants of these genes on 6-MP intolerances and toxicities in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. A total of 83 pediatric ALL patients were included (56 males and 27 females). The NUDT15 c.415C>T (rs116855232), NUDT15 c.55&#95;56insGAGTCG (rs746071566), ITPA c.94C>A (rs1127354), ITPA c.IVS2+21A>C (rs7270101), APEX c.190A>G (rs2307486), and TPMT variants were analyzed by sanger sequencing. Correlations between indexes of 6-MP-related toxicities or 6-MP intolerance (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] at several time point, days of ANC < 1 × 10 <superscript>3</superscript> /mm <superscript>3</superscript> , days of ANC < 0.5 × 10 <superscript>3</superscript> /mm <superscript>3</superscript> , frequency of febrile neutropenia, maximum AST and ALT, 6-MP dose and 6-MP dose intensity during maintenance therapy) and genetic variations were analyzed. The NUDT15 c.415C>T allele carrier showed significantly low 6-MP doses at the final maintenance therapy period than the wild type carrier ( p = 0.007). The 6-MP dose intensities at the sixth and final maintenance period were also significantly low in NUDT15 c.415C>T carriers ( p = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively). However, indexes for neutropenia, days of febrile neutropenia, maximum AST, and ALT levels were not associated with the presence of c.415C>T as well as other analyzed variants. When analyzing the effect of the coexistence of NUDT15 c.415C>T and ITPA c.94C>A, no significant differences were found between the NUDT15 c.415C>T carrier and carrier with both variations. The NUDT15 c.415C>T was the most useful marker to predict 6-MP intolerance among analyzed variants in our study population. Although we could not find association of those variants with 6-MP induced toxicities and the synergistic effects of those variants, a well-planed larger scale study would be helpful in clarifying new candidates and their clinical effects.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2227-9067
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Children (Basel, Switzerland)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33804051
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030224