Reaction-based chemosensor as dual-channel indicator for visualizing and bioimaging of exogenous hypochlorite concentrations in living cells, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and zebrafish.

Tracking and quantifying hypochlorite (ClO ^- ) in biological systems and environments remain challenging tasks, and many efforts have been made to improve ClO ^- recognition performance by modifying the sensor structure. In this study, a pre-designed coumarin/furanohydrazide-based sensor (CMFH) with the coumarin moiety as the building block (fluorogen) was rationally prepared as a ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for ClO ^- recognition. As expected, CMFH demonstrated excellent sensitivity and selectivity for ClO ^- detection. The fluorescence signal ratio (F ₄₆₆ /F ₅₅₆ ) showed strong ClO ^- dependency, and the sensor exhibited ultrafast detection (within 60 s) and a low detection limit of 563 nM. Due to its low cytotoxicity and good tissue permeability, CMFH was demonstrated as a dual-channel sensor for ClO ^- bioimaging and visualization in cells, zebrafish, and even bacteria. Furthermore, CMFH-loaded paper strips were successfully applied to the colorimetric and fluorescent visualization of ClO ^- . The results demonstrate that CMFH has potential application value for tracking ClO ^- in various biosystems and environments.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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