A new pelomedusoid turtle, Sahonachelys mailakavava , from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar provides evidence for convergent evolution of specialized suction feeding among pleurodires.

The Maevarano Formation in northwestern Madagascar has yielded a series of exceptional fossils over the course of the last three decades that provide important insights into the evolution of insular ecosystems during the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). We here describe a new genus and species of pelomedusoid turtle from this formation, Sahonachelys mailakavava , based on a nearly complete skeleton. A phylogenetic analysis suggests close affinities of Sahonachelys mailakavava with the coeval Madagascan Sokatra antitra . These two taxa are the only known representatives of the newly recognized clade Sahonachelyidae , which is sister to the speciose clade formed by Bothremydidae and Podocnemidoidae . A close relationship with coeval Indian turtles of the clade Kurmademydini is notably absent. A functional assessment suggests that Sahonachelys mailakavava was a specialized suction feeder that preyed upon small-bodied invertebrates and vertebrates. This is a unique feeding strategy among crown pelomedusoids that is convergent upon that documented in numerous other clades of turtles and that highlights the distinct evolutionary pathways taken by Madagascan vertebrates.
(© 2021 The Authors.)