Malrotation of Long Bones.

Rotational malreduction is a common yet underreported postoperative complication following intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures. In most situations, this can be prevented at the time of initial surgery with meticulous preoperative planning, careful use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and awareness of risk factors for malrotation. However, rotational alignment remains difficult to assess by clinical examination so a high index of suspicion is always necessary. Here, the authors review the literature on this complication and report on 3 such cases of femoral and the tibial malrotation, methods for calculating femoral version and tibial torsion, and techniques for correcting these deformities.
Competing Interests: Disclosure M. Sullivan: paid consultant for Depuy Synthes; AOTrauma paid speaker. K. Bonilla: nothing to disclose. D. Donegan: paid consultant for Depuy Synthes, Stryker, and Zimmer Biomet; AOTrauma paid speaker; cofounder and managing partner for ORtelligence Inc.
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