In-vitro evaluation of antiproliferative potential of various fractions of Silybum marianum using HeLa and HepG2 cell lines.

Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) has been proven to possess anticancer, lactogenic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study was designed to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of aqueous and various organic fractions (ethanolic, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol) of S. marianum against cancerous [HeLa, HepG2] and noncancerous [BHK] cell lines. The MTT assay was performed to access the cytotoxicity of all these fractions and IC50 values were calculated. The cytotoxicity of these fractions was also confirmed through crystal violet and Trypan blue assays. All the tested fractions of S. marianum possessed significant antiproliferative potential. Interestingly, ethyl acetate fraction of S. marianum exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity amongst all the other tested fractions with an IC50 of 13.07 µg/ml, 18.92 µg/ml and 76.15µg/ml against HeLa, HepG2 and BHK cell lines respectively. So it is concluded that S. marianum possess strong anticancer activity against both cervical and liver cancer and low cytotoxicity against normal cell line so it could be used as a source of potent anticancer compounds having high efficacy and minimal side effects.