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Enflamed CO 2 emissions from cement production in Nepal.
- Source :
-
Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2021 Dec; Vol. 28 (48), pp. 68762-68772. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 19. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Cement industry is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically carbon dioxide (CO <subscript>2</subscript> ). This paper presents the cement production and the CO <subscript>2</subscript> emissions from the cement industry in Nepal. We compute emissions for the process-related, combustion-related (fuel use), and electricity-related activities during the cement production. We used eight emission factors (EFs) for the process-related, two EFs for the combustion or fuel-related, and two for the electricity-related activities using the previous researches. We computed the emissions as a product of the activities and the EFs. The estimated CO <subscript>2</subscript> emission in 2019 from the cement production is 3.45 ± 0.50 million metric tons (mMt) for Nepal. In 2019, the emissions are 1.87 ± 0.16 mMt from the process-related, 1.52 ± 0.34 mMt from the combustion-related, and 0.062 ± 0.004 mMt from the electricity use activities during the cement production in Nepal. Cumulative CO <subscript>2</subscript> emission was 22.73 ± 3.82 mMt from 1987 to 2019. Per capita CO <subscript>2</subscript> emission is 0.12 mMt for Nepal in 2019. Nepal contributes about 0.06% CO <subscript>2</subscript> emission from cement production to the global CO <subscript>2</subscript> emission (2.08 Gt) from the cement industry. By evaluating per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (from 1987/1988 to 2019/2020) and the human development index (HDI) (from 1990 to 2019) with the cement production, the result shows that cement production increases significantly (p < 0.01) with an increase in the GDP and the HDI. We emphasize that the study's outputs are directly relevant to the country's emission inventory, mitigation planning, and developing a strategy for cleaner production.<br /> (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Industry
Nepal
Carbon Dioxide analysis
Greenhouse Gases analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1614-7499
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 48
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34278552
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15347-7