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Annual Recurrences of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Epizootics in Age 0 Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847.

Authors :
Hershberger PK
Meyers TR
Gregg JL
Groner ML
Hall SA
Jayasekera HT
MacKenzie AH
Neat AS
Piatt EN
Garver KA
Source :
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI [Animals (Basel)] 2021 Aug 18; Vol. 11 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 18.
Publication Year :
2021

Abstract

Throughout a 20 year biosurveillance period, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus was isolated in low titers from only 6/7355 opportunistically sampled adult Pacific herring, reflecting the typical endemic phase of the disease when the virus persists covertly. However, more focused surveillance efforts identified the presence of disease hot spots occurring among juvenile life history stages from certain nearshore habitats. These outbreaks sometimes recurred annually in the same temporal and spatial patterns and were characterized by infection prevalence as high as 96%. Longitudinal sampling indicated that some epizootics were relatively transient, represented by positive samples on a single sampling date, and others were more protracted, with positive samples occurring throughout the first 10 weeks of the juvenile life history phase. These results indicate that viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) epizootics in free-ranging Pacific herring C. pallasii are more common than previously appreciated; however, they are easily overlooked if biosurveillance efforts are not designed around times and locations with high disease potential.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2076-2615
Volume :
11
Issue :
8
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
34438883
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082426