The effect of the localisation of an underlying ST-elevation myocardial infarction on the VF-waveform: A multi-centre cardiac arrest study.

Introduction: In cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform characteristics such as amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) are studied to identify an underlying myocardial infarction (MI). Observational studies report lower AMSA-values in patients with than without underlying MI. Moreover, experimental studies with 12-lead ECG-recordings show lowest VF-characteristics when the MI-localisation matches the ECG-recording direction. However, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)-studies with defibrillator-derived VF-recordings are lacking.
Methods: Multi-centre (Amsterdam/Nijmegen, the Netherlands) cohort-study on the association between AMSA, ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and its localisation. AMSA was calculated from defibrillator pad-ECG recordings (proxy for lead II, inferior vantage point); STEMI-localisation was determined using ECG/angiography/autopsy findings.
Results: We studied AMSA-values in 754 OHCA-patients. There were statistically significant differences between no STEMI, anterior STEMI and inferior STEMI (Nijmegen: no STEMI 13.0mVHz [7.9-18.6], anterior STEMI 7.5mVHz [5.6-13.8], inferior STEMI 7.5mVHz [5.4-11.8], p = 0.006. Amsterdam: 11.7mVHz [5.0-21.9], 9.6mVHz [4.6-17.2], and 6.9mVHz [3.2-16.0], respectively, p = 0.001). Univariate analyses showed significantly lower AMSA-values in inferior STEMI vs. no STEMI; there was no significant difference between anterior and no STEMI. After correction for confounders, adjusted absolute AMSA-values were numerically lowest for inferior STEMI in both cohorts, and the relative differences in AMSA between inferior and no STEMI was 1.4-1.7 times larger than between anterior and no STEMI.
Conclusion: This multi-centre VF-waveform OHCA-study showed significantly lower AMSA in case of underlying STEMI, with a more pronounced difference for inferior than for anterior STEMI. Confirmative studies on the impact of STEMI-localisation on the VF-waveform are warranted, and might contribute to earlier diagnosis of STEMI during VF.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)