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Effect of sublethal Spirotetramat on host locating and parasitic behavior of Encarsia formosa Gahan.
- Source :
-
Pest management science [Pest Manag Sci] 2022 Jan; Vol. 78 (1), pp. 329-335. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 28. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Background: The use of chemical insecticides to control Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is widespread, although it might exert a sublethal effect on its dominant parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). To investigate the sublethal effect of spirotetramat on E. formosa, we observed the ability of E. formosa to locate and handle the host, oviposit and preen after exposure to sublethal concentrations of spirotetramat.<br />Results: After exposure to spirotetramat at LC <subscript>50</subscript> , the response time of E. formosa to the volatile reached 223.40 s and was significantly prolonged. Only 56.44% of the wasps were attracted by the volatile and the insect crawled the slowest among all of the treatments. The averages of oviposition posture adopted and host handled by each E. formosa in 1 h decreased significantly to 1.79 and 1.27, respectively. At the sublethal concentration of LC <subscript>10</subscript> , 94.59% of the wasps were attracted by the volatile and the insect crawled the fastest. The average of host handled by each E. formosa was 3.92, and the frequency of drumming while walking and drumming the host was 12.34 times per second and 12.30 times per second, respectively, demonstrating a significant acceleration in these abilities.<br />Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that spirotetramat induced hormesis in E. formosa on exposure to its LC <subscript>10</subscript> concentration and accelerated its host locating, host handling and frequency of antennae drumming. These findings could assist in balancing the chemical and biological control of B. tabaci and enhancing the efficacy of E. formosa as a biocontrol agent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.<br /> (© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Female
Spiro Compounds
Taiwan
Aza Compounds toxicity
Hemiptera
Wasps
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1526-4998
- Volume :
- 78
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Pest management science
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34523221
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6638