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Two-Step In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2.
- Source :
-
Cells [Cells] 2021 Aug 26; Vol. 10 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 26. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- The cellular immune response plays an important role in COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. This feature makes use of in vitro models' useful tools to evaluate vaccines and biopharmaceutical effects. Here, we developed a two-step model to evaluate the cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced or spike protein stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both unexposed and COVID-19 (primo-infected) individuals (Step1). Moreover, the supernatants of these cultures were used to evaluate its effects on lung cell lines (A549) (Step2). When PBMC from the unexposed were infected by SARS-CoV-2, cytotoxic natural killer and nonclassical monocytes expressing inflammatory cytokines genes were raised. The supernatant of these cells can induce apoptosis of A549 cells (mock vs. Step2 [mean]: 6.4% × 17.7%). Meanwhile, PBMCs from primo-infected presented their memory CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells activated with a high production of IFNG and antiviral genes. Supernatant from past COVID-19 subjects contributed to reduce apoptosis (mock vs. Step2 [ratio]: 7.2 × 1.4) and to elevate the antiviral activity (iNOS) of A549 cells (mock vs. Step2 [mean]: 31.5% × 55.7%). Our findings showed features of immune primary cells and lung cell lines response after SARS-CoV-2 or spike protein stimulation that can be used as an in vitro model to study the immunity effects after SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Alveolar Epithelial Cells virology
COVID-19 blood
COVID-19 genetics
Cytokines genetics
Cytokines metabolism
Female
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Immunologic Memory immunology
Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology
Male
Middle Aged
Phenotype
T-Lymphocytes immunology
Virus Replication physiology
Young Adult
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 virology
Immunity, Cellular
Models, Biological
SARS-CoV-2 physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2073-4409
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cells
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34571855
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092206