The combination of hair follicle-specific marker LHX2 and co-expressed marker can distinguish between sweat gland placodes and hair placodes in rat.

Eccrine sweat gland (ESG) and hair follicle (HF) are different skin appendages but share many common development characteristics. Although the morphology of adult ESG and HF is obviously different, it is difficult to distinguish ESG placodes from HFs placodes morphologically. To study the fate determination of ESG and HF, specific antigen markers for ESG placodes and HF placodes must be found first to distinguish them. In the study, we detected the expression of commonly used keratins 4, 5, 7-10, 12, 14, 15, 17-20, 27 and 73, and the reported ESG and HF specific markers, P-cadherin, Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), LIM Homeobox gene 2 (LHX2), Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase (NKA) and Na ⁺ -K ⁺ -2Cl ^- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in ESG and HF placodes by single-immunofluorescence staining and double-immunofluorescence staining. To further verify the results of immunofluorescence staining, Western blot (WB) was used to detect the differential antigen and some co-expressed antigens of ESG and HF placodes. The results showed that both ESG and HF placodes expressed K4/5/14/1517/18, P-cadherin and LEF1, neither expressed K7/8/9/10/12/19/20/27/73, NKA or NKCC1. HF placodes specifically expressed LHX2. Combination of LHX2 and co-expressed antigen K14, can distinguish ESG placodes from HF placodes. We conclude that LHX2 is a specific marker for HF placodes, and ESG placodes and HF placodes can be distinguished by double immunofluorescence staining of the specific marker LHX2 and the co-expressed markers, such as K4, K5, K14, K15, K17, K18, P-cadherin and LEF1.
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