Emergence of a New Lineage 1C Variant of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 in the United States.

We report an ongoing regional outbreak of an emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV2) variant within Lineage 1C affecting 154 breeding and grow-finishing sites in the Midwestern U.S. Transmission seemed to have occurred in two waves, with the first peak of weekly cases occurring between October and December 2020 and the second starting in April 2021. Most of cases occurred within a 120 km radius. Both orf5 and whole genome sequencing results suggest that this represents the emergence of a new variant within Lineage 1C distinct from what has been previously circulating. A case-control study was conducted with 50 cases (sites affected with the newly emerged variant) and 58 controls (sites affected with other PRRSV variants) between October and December 2020. Sites that had a market vehicle that was not exclusive to the production system had 0.04 times the odds of being a case than a control. A spatial cluster (81.42 km radius) with 1.68 times higher the number of cases than controls was found. The average finishing mortality within the first 4 weeks after detection was higher amongst cases (4.50%) than controls (0.01%). The transmission of a highly similar virus between different farms carrying on trough spring rises concerns for the next high transmission season of PRRS.
Competing Interests: MS is employed by Schwartz Farms Inc. PY, BL, and LB are employed by Swine Vet Center. DM is employed by New Fashion Pork. BR is employed by Fairmont Veterinary Clinic. PT is employed by Iowa Select Farms. LF is employed by Protein Sources Management. MA is employed by Holden Farms Inc. MH, TB, and BS are employed by The Maschhoffs LLC. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Kikuti, Paploski, Pamornchainavakul, Picasso-Risso, Schwartz, Yeske, Leuwerke, Bruner, Murray, Roggow, Thomas, Feldmann, Allerson, Hensch, Bauman, Sexton, Rovira, VanderWaal and Corzo.)