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Association between satellite-based estimates of long-term PM 2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease: evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey.
- Source :
-
Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2022 Mar; Vol. 29 (14), pp. 21156-21165. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 09. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- Exposure to particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 µm (PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> ) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in Indonesia, accounting for one-third of all deaths. Indonesian authorities started to monitor PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> levels in urban areas in 2015. However, there is still no study examining the association between long-term PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> exposure and CVD in Indonesia. In this study, we combined PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> data and health survey data. Long-term (2000-2007) exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> was measured based on satellite-derived aerosol optical depth measurements (1 × 1 km <superscript>2</superscript> ) that could be used to predict ground-level PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> concentrations. Population data on residents of Sumatra Island were obtained from the fourth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). A cross-sectional study was performed with 2324 participants who were aged ≥ 40 years old, and a report of doctor-diagnosed CVD determined CVD status. We used logistic regression to analyze the association between PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> and CVD prevalence, adjusting for multiple covariates. Of the sample, 52.1% were women, and 47.9% were men. The sample was divided into those aged 40-59 (adults) and those ≥ 60 (older adults). The CVD prevalence was 4.05% (n = 94), with a mean (standard deviation) PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> concentration of 14.4 (6.4) µg/m <superscript>3</superscript> . In adjusted models, a 10-µg/m <superscript>3</superscript> increase in annual average PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> levels was associated with 29% higher odds of having CVD (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.47). In this population-based IFLS data, long-term exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> is associated with a higher prevalence of CVD in Sumatera, Indonesia.<br /> (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1614-7499
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 14
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34750763
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17318-4