Subsequent primary urogenital cancers among childhood and adolescent cancer survivors in the United States.

Purpose: To conduct an updated and comprehensive study on the risks of subsequent primary urogenital cancers for childhood and adolescent cancer survivors.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted using 9 cancer registries from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program with follow-up from 1975 to 2017. There were 43,991 patients diagnosed with first primary cancer from 1975 to 2016 before the age of 20 years who subsequently survived for at least 1 year. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and absolute excess risks (AERs) for urogenital cancers were calculated.
Results: Compared with the general population, the risk of urinary system cancer was significantly higher in both female (SIR = 5.18, 95% CI: 3.65-7.14) and male (SIR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.94-3.92) survivors of any first cancer, with shorter median interval length between first cancer and subsequent urinary system cancer for male survivors (19.9 years) than female survivors (29.3 years). Females also had significantly higher SIR than males for subsequent urinary system cancer (SIR _female:male =1.86, 95% CI: 1.13-3.03) and kidney cancer (SIR _female:male  = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.11-3.53). Compared with the general population, females with any first cancer had significantly higher risks for cancers of the corpus uteri (SIR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.49-3.45) and vulva (SIR = 4.27, 95% CI: 1.38-9.95).
Conclusions: Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors may have greater female susceptibility for developing subsequent urinary system and kidney cancers, and these survivors may have higher risks for specific types of reproductive system cancers. Our findings may lead to better awareness and surveillance for urogenital cancer by these cancer survivors and their physicians.
(Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)